Kana maerekitironi nemaburi zvasangana zvakare, anogona kupenya chiedza chinooneka, saka anogona kushandiswa kugadzira chiedza-emitting diode.Inoshandiswa semwenje mwenje mumaseketi uye zviridzwa, kana inoumbwa nemavara kana madhijitari.Gallium arsenide diodes inobudisa chiedza chitsvuku, gallium phosphide diodes inobudisa chiedza chegirini, silicon carbide diodes inobudisa chiedza chero, uye gallium nitride diodes inobudisa chiedza chebhuruu.Nekuda kwechimiro chemakemikari, yakakamurwa kuita organic light-emitting diode OLED uye inorganic light-emitting diode LED.

Chiedza-emitting diodes chinowanzo shandiswa mwenje-emitting michina inoburitsa simba kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa patsva kwemaerekitironi nemaburi ekuburitsa chiedza.Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekuvhenekera.[1] Chiedza-emitting diodes inogona kunyatso shandura simba remagetsi kuita simba rechiedza uye kuva nekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana munharaunda yemazuva ano, zvakadai semwenje, flat panel displays, uye mishonga yezvokurapa.[2]

Mhando iyi yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakaonekwa kare kare muna 1962. Mumazuva ekutanga, vaigona kungobudisa chiedza chitsvuku chepasi.Gare gare, dzimwe shanduro dzemonochromatic dzakagadzirwa.Chiedza chinogona kubudiswa nhasi chapararira kune chiedza chinooneka, infrared uye ultraviolet chiedza, uye kupenya kwakawedzera kusvika pamwero mukuru.The luminosity.Iko kushandiswa kwakashandiswawo semwenje wechiratidzo, mapaneru ekuratidzira, nezvimwe;nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, mwenje-emitting diode yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukuratidzira uye mwenje.

Kufanana neajairwa diode, mwenje-emitting diode inoumbwa nePN junction, uye ivo zvakare vane unidirectional conductivity.Kana magetsi ekumberi aiswa pamagetsi anobudisa chiedza, maburi anobaiwa kubva panzvimbo yeP kuenda kunzvimbo yeN uye maerekitironi anobaiwa kubva kunzvimbo yeN kuenda kunzvimbo yeP anobatana nemaerekitironi munzvimbo yeN uye mavhodhi. munzvimbo yeP mukati memamicrons mashoma ePN junction.Iwo maburi anosanganisirwa uye anogadzira ega emission fluorescence.Simba remaerekitironi nemakomba mune zvakasiyana semiconductor zvinhu zvakasiyana.Kana maerekitironi nemaburi zvasangana zvakare, simba rinoburitswa rakati siyanei.Kuwanda kwesimba kunoburitswa, ndiko kupfupika kwewavelength yechiedza chinobudiswa.Inowanzo shandiswa madhidhiyo anoburitsa tsvuku, girini kana yero chiedza.Iyo reverse breakdown voltage yelight-emitting diode yakakura kupfuura 5 volts.Iyo yekumberi volt-ampere characteristic curve yakanyanya kukwira, uye inofanirwa kushandiswa munhevedzano ine yazvino-inomisa resistor kudzora ikozvino kuburikidza ne diode.

Iyo yakakosha chikamu chechiedza-emitting diode iwafer inoumbwa neP-mhando semiconductor uye N-mhando semiconductor.Pane transition layer pakati peP-type semiconductor neN-type semiconductor, inonzi PN junction.Muchikamu chePN chezvimwe zvinhu semiconductor, apo vatakuri vashoma vanoiswa jekiseni nevatakuri vazhinji vanobatana, simba rakawandisa rinobudiswa muchimiro chechiedza, nokudaro richishandura zvakananga simba remagetsi kuita simba rechiedza.Ne reverse voltage inoshandiswa kuPN junction, zvakaoma kubaya vatakuri vashoma, saka haibudisi chiedza.Kana iri mumamiriro ekushanda akanaka (kureva kuti, simba rakanaka rinoshandiswa kumativi ose maviri), apo ikozvino inoyerera kubva ku LED anode kusvika kune cathode, semiconductor crystal inobudisa chiedza chemavara akasiyana-siyana kubva kune ultraviolet kusvika kune infrared.Kusimba kwechiedza kunoenderana nezvino.